Arrival and Rule (856-1026 CE) of Habbari Arab in Sindh
Habbari dynasty ruled Sindh from 841 to 1024 C.E. Sindh was a province of Abbasid Caliphate. During the stuggle of dominance of Islamic world betwen Abassid and Fatimid Caliphate, Sindh became semi-independent under Arab ruler Aziz al-Habbari in 841 CE, though nominally remaining part of Abbasid Caliphate [1] [2] [3] The Hubbari ruled Sindh, Makran, Turan, Khuzdar and Multan from their capital city of Mansura. In 854 CE Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil appointed Aziz al-Habbari governor of Sindh. Aziz al-Habbari was followed by his son Umar al-Habbari I. His son Abdullah al-Habbari succeded him and his grandson,Umar al-Habbari II was ruling when famous Arab historian Al-Masudi visited Sindh. Habbari dynasty ruled Sindh until 1024 (Khafif al-Habbari, last ruler of the Habbari dynasty).
Hashemites (Banu Hashim)
The Banū Hāshim (Arabic: بنو هاشم) is an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe to which Muhammad (S.A.W) belonged, named after Muhammad’s (S.A.W) great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf.
Members of this clan, and especially their descendants, are also referred to as Hashimids, Hashimites, or Hashemites, and often carry the surname al-Hāshimī. These descendants, and especially those tracing their lineage to Muhammad (S.A.W) through his daughter Fatima (A.S), hold the traditional title (often synonymous to Sayyid).[1]
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